Ukulahleka kweevithamini ngexesha lokulungiswa kokutya kwezilwanyana
Kwiiprotheni, iicarbohydrates, amafutha kunye neeminerali, ukusetyenzwa kunempembelelo encinci kwi-bioavailability yabo, ngelixa ezininzi iivithamini aziqinisekanga kwaye zixutywe ngokulula, zibolile, zitshatyalalisiwe, okanye zilahlekile, ngoko ke ukulungiswa kuya kuchaphazela iimveliso zabo.Inempembelelo enkulu;kwaye kwinkqubo yokugcina ukutya, ilahleko yeevithamini ihambelana nokutywinwa kwesitya sokupakisha, ubomi beshelufu, kunye nobushushu be-ambient.
Kwinkqubo ye-extrusion kunye ne-puffing, ukungasebenzi kwamavithamini kuya kwenzeka, ukulahlekelwa kwe-vitamin E e-soluble e-fat-soluble inokufikelela kwi-70%, kwaye ukulahlekelwa kwe-vitamin K kunokufikelela kwi-60%;i-vitamin ilahleko yokutya kwesilwanyana esigqithisiweyo nayo inkulu kakhulu ngexesha lokugcinwa, kwaye ilahleko yeevithamini ezinyibilikayo ze-fat-soluble inkulu kuneqela le-B IiVithamini, i-vitamin A kunye ne-vitamin D3 zilahlekile malunga ne-8% kunye ne-4% ngenyanga;kunye neevithamini ze-B zilahlekile malunga ne-2% ukuya kwi-4% ngenyanga.
Ngethuba lenkqubo ye-extrusion, i-10% ~ 15% yeevithamini kunye ne-pigments zilahlekile kumyinge.Ukugcinwa kwevithamini kuxhomekeke ekubunjweni kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungiswa kunye nokushisa okwandisiweyo, ukufuma, ixesha lokugcina, njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukongezwa okugqithisileyo kusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela, kunye nohlobo oluzinzileyo lwevithamini C lunokusetyenziswa, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwevithamini ngexesha lokucubungula nokugcinwa. .
Indlela yokunciphisa ukulahleka kweevithamini ngexesha lokucubungula?
1. Guqula ukwakhiwa kweekhemikhali zeevithamini ezithile ukuze zibenze iikhompawundi ezizinzileyo;njenge-thiamine mononitrate endaweni yefom yesiseko samahhala, i-esters ye-retinol (i-acetate okanye i-palmitate), i-tocopherol Indawo yotywala kunye ne-ascorbic acid phosphate endaweni ye-ascorbic acid.
2. IiVithamini zenziwe kwi-microcapsules njengendlela enye.Ngale ndlela, i-vitamin inozinzo olungcono kwaye inokunyusa i-dispersibility ye-vitamin ekudleni okuxutywe.IiVithamini zinokufakwa nge-gelatin, isitashi, kunye ne-glycerin (i-antioxidants isoloko isetyenziswa) okanye ifakwe kwi-microcapsules, ilandelwa yingubo yesitashi.Ukukhuselwa kwevithamin ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kungaphuculwa ngakumbi ngokuguqulwa kweemicrocapsules, umzekelo ngokufudumeza ukwenza lukhuni ii-microcapsules (ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-microcapsules edibeneyo).Ukudityaniswa kwe-cross-link kunokwenziwa nge-Maillard reactions okanye ezinye iindlela zekhemikhali.Uninzi lwevithamini A esetyenziswa ngabavelisi bokutya kwezilwanyana zaseMelika i-microcapsules edibeneyo.Kwiivithamini ezininzi ze-B, ukomiswa kokutshiza kusetyenziselwa ukukhulisa uzinzo kunye nokwenza iipowder eziqukuqelayo.
3. Ukungasebenzi phantse kuzo zonke iivithamini kwenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo ye-extrusion yokutya kwesilwanyana, kunye nokulahlekelwa kweevithamini ekudleni okusemathinini kubangelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokucubungula kunye nobude be-ion zetsimbi zamahhala.Ilahleko ekomisweni kunye nokwaleka (ukongeza amanqatha okanye ukudipha umphezulu wemveliso evusiweyo eyomileyo) ikwaxhomekeke kwixesha kunye nobushushu.
Ngexesha lokugcinwa, umgangatho womswakama, ubushushu, i-pH kunye ne-ion zetsimbi esebenzayo zichaphazela izinga lokulahleka kweevithamini.Ukuqulatha iifom zeminerali ezincinci ezinje nge-chelates, i-oxides okanye i-carbonates kunokunciphisa ukulahleka kweevithamini ezininzi xa kuthelekiswa neeminerali kwi-sulfate okanye ifom yamahhala..Intsimbi, ubhedu kunye ne-zinc zivelele ngokukodwa ekufakeni i-Fenton reaction kunye nesizukulwana se-radicals yamahhala.Ezi khompawundi zinokukhupha iiradicals zasimahla ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwevithamini.Ukukhusela amanqatha okutya kwi-oxidation yinto ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ukuveliswa kwee-radicals zamahhala ekudleni.Ukongezwa kwee-chelating agents ezifana ne-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), i-phosphoric acid, okanye i-synthetic antioxidants efana ne-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol kumafutha inokunciphisa isizukulwana sama-radicals amahhala.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-16-2022