1.Intshayelelo yesipinatshi
Isipinatshi (iSpinacia oleracea L.), ekwaziwa njengemifuno yasePersi, imifuno yeengcambu ezibomvu, imifuno yesikhwenene, njl. njl., siyinxalenye yeSipinatshi sosapho lweChenopodiaceae, kwaye sikwinqanaba elinye nebeet kunye nequinoa.Luhlaza lonyaka olunamagqabi aluhlaza kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuvuthwa akhoyo ukuze kuvunwe.Izityalo ukuya kwi-1 m ubude, iingcambu ze-conical, ezibomvu, ezinqabileyo ezimhlophe, i-halberd ukuya kwi-ovate, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, epheleleyo okanye ene-lobes efana nezinyo.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zesipinatshi, ezinokuthi zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini: ezinameva nezingenameva.
Isipinatshi sisityalo sonyaka kwaye kukho iindidi ezininzi zesipinatshi, ezinye zazo ezilungele imveliso yorhwebo.Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ezisisiseko zesipinatshi esilinywa eUnited States: ashwabeneyo (amagqabi aqengqelekayo), ashwabene (amagqabi agudileyo), kunye ne-semi-fried (egoqwe kancinci).Zomibini ziluhlaza ngamagqabi kwaye umahluko ophambili kukutyeba kwamagqabi okanye ukumelana nokuphatha.Iindidi ezintsha ezineziqu ezibomvu kunye namagqabi nazo ziye zaveliswa eUnited States.
I-China iyona mvelisi omkhulu wesipinatshi, ilandelwa yi-US, nangona imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kuye kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka eyi-20 edlulileyo, isondela kwi-1.5 pounds per capita.Okwangoku, iCalifornia ineehektare ezingama-47,000 zeehektare ezilinyiweyo, kwaye isipinatshi saseCalifornia sihamba phambili ngenxa yemveliso yonyaka wonke.Ngokungafaniyo nezitiya zentendelezo, ezi fama zorhwebo zihlwayela izityalo ezizigidi ezisisi-1.5-2.3 ngehektare nganye kwaye zikhule kwiziza ezinkulu ezingama-40-80-intshi ukuze kube lula ukuvunwa ngoomatshini.
2.Ixabiso lesondlo sesipinatshi
Ngokombono wesondlo, isipinatshi sinezakha mzimba ezithile ezibalulekileyo, kodwa lilonke, eyona nto isithako sesipinatshi ngamanzi (91.4%).Nangona kugxininiswe kakhulu kwizondlo ezisebenzayo kwisiseko esomileyo, i-macronutrient concentrations iyancipha kakhulu (umzekelo, i-protein ye-2.86%, i-0.39% yamafutha, i-1.72% ash).Ngokomzekelo, i-fiber yokutya iyonke imalunga ne-25% yobunzima obomileyo.Isipinatshi siphezulu kwi-micronutrients ezifana ne-potassium (6.74%), i-iron (315 mg / kg), i-folic acid (22 mg / kg), i-vitamin K1 (i-phylloquinone, i-56 mg / kg), i-vitamin C (3,267 mg) / kg) , i-betaine (> 12,000 mg / kg), i-carotenoid B-carotene (654 mg / kg) kunye ne-lutein + zeaxanthin (1,418 mg / kg).Ukongezelela, isipinashi siqulethe i-metabolites ehlukeneyo yesibini eveliswa yi-flavonoid derivatives, eneziphumo ezichasayo.Kwangaxeshanye, ikwaqulathe ugxininiso olukhulu lwee-phenolic acid, ezifana ne-p-coumaric acid kunye ne-ferulic acid, i-p-hydroxybenzoic acid kunye ne-vanillic acid, kunye nee-lignans ezahlukeneyo.Phakathi kweminye imisebenzi, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesipinatshi zineepropathi ze-antioxidant.Umbala oluhlaza wesipinatshi uvela ikakhulu kwi-chlorophyll, ebonakaliswe ukulibazisa ukukhupha isisu, ukunciphisa i-ghrelin, kunye nokunyusa i-GLP-1, eluncedo kuhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile.Ngokuphathelele i-omega-3s, isipinashi sine-stearidonic acid kunye ne-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) kunye ne-alpha-linolenic acid (ALA).Isipinatshi sinenitrate ekwakucingwa ukuba iyingozi kodwa ngoku ekucingelwa ukuba iluncedo empilweni.Kwakhona iqulethe i-oxalates, leyo, nangona ingancitshiswa nge-blanching, ingaba negalelo ekubunjweni kwamatye e-bladder.
3. Ukusetyenziswa kwesipinatshi ekutyeni kwesilwanyana
Isipinatshi sigcwele izondlo kwaye sisongezelelo esihle ekutyeni kwesilwanyana.Isipinatshi sibeka kuqala phakathi kwe-superfoods, ukutya okune-antioxidants yendalo, izinto eziphilayo, i-fiber esebenzayo kunye nezondlo ezibalulekileyo.Nangona abaninzi bethu bakhule bengasithandi isipinatshi, sifumaneka kwiintlobo ezininzi zokutya kunye nokutya namhlanje, okuhlala kusetyenziswa njengemifuno yexesha elitsha kwiisaladi okanye kwiisandwich endaweni ye-lettuce.Ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ekutyeni kwabantu, isipinatshi ngoku sisetyenziswa ekutyeni kwesilwanyana.
Isipinatshi sineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa ukutya kwezilwanyana: ukomeleza isondlo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, ukwanda kwentengiso yentengiso, kwaye uluhlu luyaqhubeka.Ukongezwa kwesipinatshi ngokusisiseko akunaziphumo ezibi, kwaye kuneenzuzo njenge "superfood" kukutya okusisiseko kwezilwanyana zanamhlanje.
Uvavanyo lwesipinatshi ekutyeni kwenja lwapapashwa kwangoko ngo-1918 (McClugage kunye noMendel, 1918).Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba isipinashi chlorophyll ifunxwe kwaye ithuthelwe kwizinja zizinja (Fernandes et al., 2007) kwaye inokuzuza i-oxidation yeselula kunye nokusebenza komzimba.Olunye uphando lwamva nje lubonise ukuba isipinatshi sinokunyusa ukuqonda njengenxalenye ye-antioxidant complex.
Ke, usongeza njani isipinatshi kukutya okusisiseko kwesilwanyana sakho?
Isipinatshi singongezwa ekutyeni kwesilwanyana esifuywayo njengesithako kwaye ngamanye amaxesha njengombala kwizinto eziphathwayo.Nokuba wongeza isipinatshi esomileyo okanye esinamagqabi, imali eyongeziweyo incinci kakhulu-malunga ne-0.1% okanye ngaphantsi, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu, kodwa nangenxa yokuba ayibambeli kakuhle ngexesha lokucutshungulwa, kwaye amagqabi abe nodaka olufana nemifuno. , amagqabi omisiweyo aphulwa ngokulula.Nangona kunjalo, inkangeleko engalunganga ayithinteli ixabiso layo, kodwa i-antioxidant, i-immune okanye imiphumo yesondlo inokuba yinto engabalulekanga ngenxa yedosi ephantsi esebenzayo eyongeziweyo.Ke kungcono ukumisela ukuba yeyiphi idosi esebenzayo ye-antioxidants, kunye nesixa esikhulu sesipinatshi esinokuthi isilwanyana sakho sinyamezele (esinokubangela utshintsho kwivumba lokutya kunye nencasa).
E-United States, kukho imithetho ethile elawula ukulima, ukuvuna kunye nokusasazwa kwesipinatshi ukuze kusetyenziswe abantu (80 FR 74354, 21CFR112).Ukuqwalasela ukuba uninzi lwesipinashi kwi-chain chain luvela kumthombo ofanayo, lo mgaqo usebenza nasekutyeni kwezilwanyana.Isipinatshi sase-US sithengiswa phantsi kwe-US No. 1 okanye i-US No.I-US No. 2 ifanelekile ngakumbi kukutya kwezilwanyana ezifuywayo kuba inokongezwa kwi-premix ukuba icutshungulwe.Iitshiphusi zesipinatshi ezomileyo nazo ziqhele ukusetyenziswa.Xa kucutshungulwa iziqwenga zemifuno, amagqabi emifuno avuniweyo ayahlanjwa kwaye aphelelwe ngamanzi, aze omiswe kwi-tray okanye kwidrum dryer, kwaye umoya oshushu usetyenziselwa ukususa ukufuma, kwaye emva kokuhlelwa, zipakishwe ukuze zisetyenziswe.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-25-2022