Ngokuphucuka kwenqanaba loqoqosho lwehlabathi, inqanaba lezenzululwazi nethekhinoloji, kunye nokwazisa ngezempilo, ukutya “okuluhlaza” kunye “nendalo” kuye kwavela njengoko amaxesha efuna, kwaye kuye kwaqatshelwa kwaye kwamkelwa luluntu.Ishishini lezilwanyana zasekhaya liyakhula yaye liyakhula, yaye abathanda izilwanyana bazigqala njengelinye lamalungu entsapho.Amagama anjengelithi "yendalo", "luhlaza", "owokuqala" kunye "nendalo" aye ayindawo yemozulu ukuze abantu bakhethe iimveliso zezilwanyana zasekhaya.Abantu banenkxalabo malunga nempilo yezilwanyana zasekhaya kunamaxabiso emveliso yezilwanyana zasekhaya.Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abathengi abacaci malunga nomgangatho kunye neempawu zokutya "zendalo" yezilwanyana.Eli nqaku lishwankathela intsingiselo kunye neempawu zalo ngokufutshane.
1.Intsingiselo yehlabathi "yendalo" yokutya kwesilwanyana
"Indalo" ligama elihlala livela kwiingxowa zokupakisha zokutya kwezilwanyana zamazwe ngamazwe.Kukho ukutolikwa okuninzi kweli gama, kwaye ukuguqulelwa ngokoqobo kwasekhaya "yindalo"."Indalo" ngokuqhelekileyo ithathwa njengethetha ngokutsha, okungacutshungulwanga, okukhululekile kwizigcini ezongeziweyo, izongezo kunye nezithako zokwenziwa.I-American Association for Feed Control (AAFCO) ivumela ukutya kwezilwanyana ukuba kubhalwe "njengendalo" ukuba ivela kuphela kwizityalo, izilwanyana okanye iiminerali, ayinazo izongezo, kwaye ayizange iqhutywe kwi-chemical synthesis processing.Inkcazo ye-AAFCO iqhubela phambili kwaye ithi "ukutya kwendalo" kukutya okungakhange kucutshungulwe okanye kungalungiswanga "ngokulungiswa komzimba, ukufudumeza, ukutsalwa, ukucocwa, ukugxila, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, i-enzymatic hydrolysis, okanye i-fermentation."Ngoko ke, ukuba iivithamini ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali, iiminerali okanye izinto ezilandelwayo zongezwa, ukutya kusenokuthiwa "ukutya kwezilwanyana zendalo", ezifana "nokutya kwezilwanyana zendalo kunye neevithamini ezongezelelweyo kunye neemaminerali".Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inkcazo ye-AAFCO “yendalo” ichaza kuphela inkqubo yemveliso kwaye ayibhekiseli kubutsha kunye nomgangatho wokutya kwezilwanyana zasekhaya.Iinkukhu ezikumgangatho ophantsi, iinkukhu ezingakufanelanga ukutyiwa ngabantu, kwaye awona manqaku mabi kakhulu okutya kweenkukhu asahlangabezana nemigaqo ye-AAFCO “yokutya kwendalo.”Amafutha eRancid asahlangabezana nemilinganiselo ye-AAFCO “yokutya kwesilwanyana sasekhaya sendalo,” njengoko kunjalo ngeenkozo ezinongundo kunye nee-mycotoxins.
2. Imigaqo yamabango “endalo” kwi“Pet Feed Labeling Regulations”
"Iimigaqo yokuFakwa kweeLabheli zeSilo sasekhaya" idinga: Umzekelo, zonke izinto zokutya ezikrwada kunye nezongezo zesondlo ezisetyenziswa kwiimveliso zesondlo sesilwanyana zivela kwiprosesa engalungiswanga, engeyiyo eyekhemikhali okanye kuphela ngokulungiswa komzimba, ukusetyenzwa kwe-thermal, ukutsalwa, ukucocwa, i-hydrolysis, i-enzymatic hydrolysis, Ukuvubela Okanye isityalo, isilwanyana okanye i-mineral trace elements ecutshungulwa kukutshaya kunye nezinye iinkqubo zingenza ibango leempawu kwimveliso, kubanga ukuba "yendalo", "ingqolowa yendalo" okanye amagama afanayo kufuneka asetyenziswe.Umzekelo, ukuba iivithamini, ii-amino acids, kunye neeminerali zokulandelela ezongezwe kwiimveliso zezilwanyana zezilwanyana zenziwe ngamachiza, imveliso inokuthiwa "njengendalo" okanye "ukutya kwendalo", kodwa iivithamini, ii-amino acids, kunye neeminerali ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka. zijongwe kwangaxeshanye.Izinto zokulandelela zibhalwe, zibanga ukuba amagama athi "iinkozo zendalo, ezongezwe ngeXX" kufuneka zisetyenziswe;ukuba ezimbini (iiklasi) okanye ngaphezulu kwesibini (iiklasi) zeevithamini ezenziwe ngemichiza, i-amino acids, kunye ne-mineral trace elements zongezwa, isondlo singasetyenziswa kwibango.Igama leklasi yesongezo.Umzekelo: "iinkozo zendalo, kunye neevithamini ezongeziweyo", "iinkozo zendalo, kunye neevithamini ezongeziweyo kunye ne-amino acids", "imibala yendalo", "izigcini zendalo".
3.Izithinteli "kukutya kwezilwanyana zendalo"
Umahluko wokwenyani phakathi “kokutya kwesilwanyana sasekhaya sendalo” kunye nokunye ukutya kwesilwanyana sasekhaya kukudidi lwezithinteli eziziqulathileyo.
1) I-Vitamin E eyinkimbinkimbi
"I-Vitamin E eyinkimbinkimbi" ngumxube we-beta-vitamin E, i-gamma-vitamin E, kunye ne-delta-vitamin E esetyenziselwa ukugcina ukutya kwezilwanyana.Ayenzelwanga, yinto engokwemvelo, kwaye iphuma kwizinto zendalo.Isicatshulwa sinokufumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: ukutsalwa kotywala, ukuhlamba kunye ne-distillation, i-saponification okanye i-liquid extraction.Ngoko ke, i-vitamin E eyinkimbinkimbi inokuthi ihlelwe kwinqanaba lezinto ezigciniweyo zendalo, kodwa akukho siqinisekiso sokuba ivela kwizinto ezibonakalayo zendalo.I-Vitamin E eyinkimbinkimbi ingasetyenziselwa kuphela ukugcinwa kwaye ayinayo imisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo kwizinja, kodwa i-vitamin ayinayo impembelelo yokulondoloza kwaye inomsebenzi we-biological kuphela emzimbeni.Ke ngoko, i-AAFCO ibhekisa kwi-a-vitamin E njengevithamin kwaye ihlela iivithamini ngaphandle kwe-vitamin E njengezigcini zeekhemikhali.
2)Antioxidants
Ukuze ugweme ukudideka kweengcamango, ingcamango ye "antioxidant" yafunyanwa.I-Vitamin E kunye ne-preservatives ngoku ngokudibeneyo ibizwa ngokuba yi-antioxidants, iklasi yeemveliso ezicothayo okanye ezithintela i-oxidation.I-vitamin E esebenzayo (i-vitamin E) isebenza njenge-antioxidant ngaphakathi emzimbeni, ikhusela i-oxidation yeeseli kunye nezicubu, ngelixa i-preservative yendalo (i-vitamin E complex) isebenza njenge-antioxidant ekutyeni kwezilwanyana, ukuthintela umonakalo owenziwe nge-oxidative kwizithako zokutya kwezilwanyana.I-Synthetic antioxidants ikholelwa ukuba isebenza ngakumbi ekugcineni uzinzo lokutya kwesilwanyana.Kufuneka ungeze amaxesha e-2 inani le-antioxidants yendalo ukuze ufumane umphumo ofanayo njenge-antioxidants zokwenziwa.Ke ngoko, ii-antioxidants zokwenziwa zinemisebenzi engcono yokulwa ne-antioxidant.Ngokuphathelele ukhuseleko, kuxelwa ukuba zombini i-antioxidants yendalo kunye ne-antioxidant eyenziweyo ineempendulo ezithile ezingalunganga, kodwa iingxelo zophando ezifanelekileyo zonke izigqibo ezithathwe ngokondla inani elikhulu lezilwanyana zokulinga.Akukhange kubekho ngxelo zokuba ukutya kakhulu kwendalo okanye i-antioxidant eyenziweyo kunefuthe elibi kakhulu kwimpilo yezinja.Kukwanjalo nangekhalsiyam, ityuwa, ivithamin A, izinki, nezinye izakha mzimba.Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kuyingozi empilweni, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amaninzi kuyingozi emzimbeni.Okubaluleke kakhulu, indima ye-antioxidants kukuthintela amafutha ukuba angahambi, kwaye ngelixa ukhuseleko lwe-antioxidants luyimpikiswano, akukho mpikiswano yokuba iiperoxides ezikhoyo kumafutha e-rancid ziyingozi empilweni.I-Peroxides kumafutha e-rancid yonakalisa iivithamini ezinyibilikayo kwi-fat A, D, E kunye ne-K. Ukusabela okungalunganga kokutya okune-rancid kuxhaphake kakhulu ezinjeni kune-antioxidants yendalo okanye eyenziwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-21-2022